Who this page is for
This page is written for the people who actually drive cross-border business into Turkey, not for lawyers. You may be:
- A foreign company opening a Turkish subsidiary, branch or liaison office and needing your first set of commercial contracts done properly under Turkish law.
- An investor or private-equity fund acquiring shares in a Turkish target and wanting independent due diligence before you wire a single lira.
- A founder or shareholder bringing in a partner or co-investor and needing a shareholders' agreement that survives a dispute.
- An international group restructuring an existing Turkish operation, integrating an acquisition, or exiting through a sale.
- A supplier, distributor or franchisor whose Turkish counterparty wants to sign a contract you cannot fully read or assess.
What unites all of these is a simple need: to do business in Turkey with the same legal confidence you would have at home. The Turkish legal system is civil-law, codified and — for foreign investors — surprisingly welcoming. But it is unforgiving of documents drafted abroad and never adapted to Turkish rules. Lexin Legal handles the corporate and M&A side of your Turkish activity end-to-end, in English, so you negotiate and sign knowing exactly what you are agreeing to.
The deal is only as strong as the documents that survive it. In Turkey, that means documents written for Turkish law — not translated into it.
The Turkish legal framework for foreign business
Turkish corporate and commercial life sits on a small number of well-known codes. You do not need to master them. But it helps to know which rules govern your transaction and why they matter.
The core statutes
- Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 (TTK) — the backbone. It governs companies (joint-stock and limited liability), share transfers, mergers, demergers, conversions, directors' duties, general assemblies and commercial transactions. Almost every corporate or M&A step you take in Turkey is regulated here.
- Code of Obligations No. 6098 (TBK) — the general law of contracts. Formation, validity, interpretation, breach, penalty clauses, termination and damages all flow from the TBK. Your commercial contracts live or die by it.
- Foreign Direct Investment Law No. 4875 (FDI Law) — the charter of openness. Article 3 establishes that foreign investors are treated equally with domestic ones and may invest freely, subject to the same rules.
- Competition Law No. 4054 — Turkish merger control. Acquisitions above certain turnover thresholds must be cleared by the Competition Authority (Rekabet Kurumu) before closing.
- Private International Law No. 5718 (MÖHUK) — decides which country's law applies and which courts have jurisdiction when a contract has a foreign element. Central to your governing-law and dispute clauses.
The national-treatment principle
The single most important thing for a foreign investor to understand is the national-treatment principle in the FDI Law. In plain terms: a foreign investor is, as a rule, treated exactly like a Turkish investor.
You can own 100% of a Turkish company, you do not need a local partner, there is no general screening or pre-approval for foreign capital, and profits and capital can in principle be transferred abroad. There are narrow exceptions in regulated sectors (for example certain broadcasting, aviation, maritime/cabotage and defence activities), but for the vast majority of commercial and industrial investment, your nationality is simply not a barrier.
Commercial contracts: drafting, review and the clauses that matter
Most foreign businesses meet Turkish corporate law for the first time through a contract — a supply agreement, a distribution deal, a services contract, a licence, a lease, a loan. Whether we are drafting from scratch or reviewing what your counterparty sent, the goal is the same: a document that is enforceable in Turkey and that protects you when things go wrong. For the contract side in depth, see our commercial contract law service.
Drafting vs. reviewing
When we draft, we build the contract around your commercial intent and Turkish mandatory rules, in a bilingual or English-Turkish format where useful. When we review a contract sent to you, we mark it up plainly: what is fine, what is dangerous, what is missing, and what is unenforceable under Turkish law. You receive a redline plus a short note in English explaining the real-world consequence of each point — not a wall of legalese.
Governing law and the foreign-element trap
A frequent and expensive mistake: assuming you can simply pick English or your home law and that settles everything. Under MÖHUK No. 5718 Art. 24, parties to a contract with a genuine foreign element can generally choose the governing law. But there are hard limits:
- If the contract is purely domestic (two Turkish parties, performed entirely in Turkey), a foreign governing-law choice may not hold.
- Certain matters — real property in Turkey (the lex rei sitae rule), company-law questions about a Turkish company, and some consumer and employment protections — are governed by Turkish law regardless of what you write.
- A foreign judgment or award still has to be recognised and enforced in Turkey to bite on Turkish assets, which is a separate court step with its own conditions (MÖHUK Arts. 50–59).
Dispute-resolution clauses
Where your dispute is decided matters as much as which law applies. We help you choose deliberately between:
- Turkish courts — appropriate where the counterparty and assets are in Turkey; a Turkish-court judgment is directly enforceable here.
- Arbitration (e.g. ISTAC in Istanbul, ICC) — often preferred for cross-border deals because arbitral awards enjoy wide international enforcement under the New York Convention, in force for Turkey since 1992.
Penalty clauses — and the merchant trap
Turkish law treats penalty clauses (cezai şart) seriously. Under the TBK, an ordinary party can ask a court to reduce a penalty it considers excessive. Foreign businesses often rely on this as a safety net — and that reliance is misplaced.
Termination rights, notice periods and the consequences of breach also follow Turkish defaults (TBK Arts. 179–182 and the contract-law provisions) unless you contract around them carefully. We make sure the protections you think you have are actually the protections you get.
Choosing the right Turkish vehicle: AŞ, Ltd, SPV and holding structures
Before contracts or deals, there is the question of what you are operating through. Picking the right vehicle at the outset saves tax, friction and restructuring cost later. The two main companies are the joint-stock company (AŞ) and the limited liability company (Ltd).
| Feature | Anonim Şirket (AŞ) | Limited Şirket (Ltd) |
|---|---|---|
| Typical use | Serious investment, multiple/institutional shareholders, future sale | Smaller operations, single-owner subsidiaries |
| Share transfer formality | Endorsement + delivery (or written assignment); no registry filing needed for the transfer to be valid | Notarised transfer agreement and trade-registry registration |
| General-assembly approval to transfer? | Not required (private AŞ) | Yes — GA approval is mandatory (TTK Art. 595) |
| Suits investors / clean exit? | Yes — the vehicle institutional buyers expect | Less so — transfers are slower and more visible |
| Share classes | Flexible (different classes possible) | More limited |
Why the difference matters for M&A
The AŞ is the workhorse for serious investment and the natural choice if you anticipate bringing in investors, issuing different share classes, or eventually selling. The Ltd is simpler and cheaper to run, but its share dealings are slower — and the general-assembly-approval requirement under TTK Art. 595 is frequently the real bottleneck or veto point in an Ltd share deal, not the notarisation itself.
Holding and SPV structures
For acquisitions and group structuring we frequently use a special-purpose vehicle (SPV) — a clean Turkish company formed to hold the target, ring-fence liabilities and house acquisition debt. A holding layer (Turkish or offshore) can consolidate several Turkish investments, simplify future exits and, where a tax treaty applies, improve the efficiency of dividend and capital flows. The right shape depends on your group, your home jurisdiction and any double-tax treaty between it and Turkey.
The 31 December 2026 minimum-capital deadline
If you already own a Turkish company, there is a live statutory deadline you cannot ignore — and many foreign owners have not heard of it.
Turkey raised the minimum share capital for companies, and existing companies must top up to the new minimums by a fixed date or risk being treated as dissolved.
This is a quick, low-cost fix if handled in time — a capital-increase resolution, an amendment to the articles and a registry filing. We can run the top-up alongside any other corporate housekeeping. For the incorporation and capital mechanics, see company formation in Turkey.
Share deal vs. asset deal: how you buy matters
When you acquire a Turkish business, the first strategic fork is how you buy it. The two routes have very different consequences for liability, tax, contracts and timing.
| Share deal | Asset deal | |
|---|---|---|
| What you buy | The company's shares — the whole entity | Selected assets and liabilities only |
| Liabilities inherited | Everything, including hidden tax, labour and litigation exposure | Only what you choose; unknown liabilities left behind |
| Contracts & licences | Stay with the company (watch change-of-control clauses) | May need counterparty consent; licences may not transfer |
| Employees | Continue unchanged | Transfer with protections under Turkish labour law |
| Speed / admin | Cleaner and faster | Heavier — asset-by-asset transfers and consents |
| When to use | Target is clean, or risk is covered by warranties/indemnities | You want to ring-fence risk or cherry-pick assets |
In a share acquisition the company continues unchanged — same contracts, licences, employees and tax history — only its ownership changes. This is clean and fast, but you inherit everything. That is precisely why due diligence and well-drafted warranties and indemnities matter so much in a share deal.
In an asset acquisition you can avoid unknown liabilities, but it is more administratively heavy.
In a share deal you buy the company's past as well as its present. The job of due diligence is to make sure you know exactly what that past contains.
Legal and financial due diligence
Due diligence is the investigation that turns a leap of faith into an informed decision. We run the legal workstream and coordinate closely with the accountants and tax advisers running the financial and tax workstreams, so nothing falls between the cracks.
What legal due diligence covers
- Corporate — incorporation, share register and cap table, valid title to the shares, articles, prior transfers, options and encumbrances over shares.
- Contracts — key customer, supplier and financing agreements, change-of-control clauses, exclusivity, term and termination, onerous obligations.
- Real estate — title at the Land Registry, mortgages and annotations, leases, zoning and use. Where property is central, we loop in our real estate team.
- Employment — headcount, contracts, severance exposure, union and collective-agreement issues, undeclared liabilities.
- Litigation and enforcement — pending or threatened claims, enforcement proceedings, judgments and provisional measures. Where the target is owed money, our debt collection and enforcement team can assess recoverability.
- Permits, IP and compliance — licences and regulatory approvals, registered trademarks/patents, data-protection (KVKK) and sector compliance.
The output you receive
You do not get a 200-page document dump. You get a findings report in English that flags issues by severity (deal-breaker, price-relevant, fixable, noise), tells you what each one means commercially, and translates each finding into a concrete action: walk away, adjust the price, demand a specific indemnity, require a condition before closing, or fix it post-closing.
Pricing the deal: warranties, earn-outs and locked-box vs completion accounts
Once diligence is done, the next question is how to set — and protect — the price. Foreign buyers ask the same two questions: how do I make sure I do not overpay for problems, and how is the final number actually calculated? Two mechanisms dominate.
Locked-box vs completion accounts
| Feature | Locked box | Completion accounts |
|---|---|---|
| How price is fixed | Fixed at a past "locked-box" balance-sheet date; no post-closing adjustment | Estimated at closing, then adjusted after closing against actual accounts |
| Certainty | High — buyer and seller know the number up front | Lower — final number settled (and sometimes disputed) after closing |
| Protection between dates | "Leakage" covenants stop value leaving the company before closing | Actual cash/debt/working capital captured at closing |
| Often suits | Auctions, clean targets, sellers wanting certainty | Buyers wanting precision, complex or volatile targets |
Warranties, indemnities and W&I insurance
The share purchase agreement (SPA) protects you through warranties (statements about the target you can claim on if untrue), specific indemnities (pound-for-pound cover for identified risks, such as a known tax exposure flagged in diligence), and price mechanics. Earn-outs — deferring part of the price against future performance — keep a selling founder invested but need careful drafting to avoid post-closing fights.
Shareholders' agreements and joint ventures
The moment more than one party owns a Turkish company, you need rules for living together — and, eventually, for parting. A good shareholders' agreement (SHA) is what stops a healthy business from being paralysed by a fallout.
What a robust SHA contains
- Governance — board composition, reserved matters needing supermajority or unanimous consent, deadlock-breaking mechanisms.
- Transfer controls — rights of first refusal, tag-along and drag-along rights, lock-ups, permitted transfers.
- Economics — dividend policy, funding obligations, anti-dilution, treatment of future capital increases.
- Protections — information rights, non-compete and non-solicit, confidentiality.
- Exit — put/call options, drag-along on a sale, buy-out formulae, and what happens on default or deadlock.
The Turkish-law overlay
An SHA is a private contract under the TBK, but it sits alongside the company's articles of association, which are governed by the mandatory provisions of the TTK No. 6102.
Joint ventures
For a joint venture with a Turkish partner — whether an incorporated JV company or a contractual consortium — the same logic applies, plus careful attention to contributions, IP ownership, governance balance and exit. We structure JVs so that control, money and exit are all clearly defined before the honeymoon ends.
Turkish merger control and competition clearance
For larger acquisitions, the most important regulatory gate is not foreign-ownership review — Turkey has none for ordinary deals — but merger control under Competition Law No. 4054, administered by the Turkish Competition Authority (Rekabet Kurumu).
When clearance is required
A transaction that results in a lasting change of control over an undertaking must be notified and cleared before closing if the parties' turnover exceeds the thresholds set by the Authority. Those thresholds are based on Turkish and worldwide turnover.
How the process works
- We assess whether your deal is notifiable under the current thresholds and the control test.
- If it is, we prepare and file the notification with the Authority.
- The Authority reviews; straightforward deals are typically cleared within a defined statutory review period, while complex or overlapping ones can take longer if a detailed (Phase II) review is opened.
- You close after clearance (or after the standstill period expires, depending on the case).
We build the clearance condition into the share purchase agreement so that signing and closing are properly sequenced, and we manage the filing so your timetable is realistic from day one. For the wider 2026 reform, see our guide to the 2026 Turkish merger-control threshold changes.
Getting your money in and out: capital, FX and directors
Two practical worries dominate foreign-investor conversations: can I get my profits and capital back out, and who can actually bind my Turkish company? Both deserve a plain answer.
Bringing capital in and taking it out
The FDI Law guarantees the free transfer abroad of net profits, dividends, sale and liquidation proceeds, and capital. The key in practice is documenting the investment correctly when the money comes in — recording the foreign-capital inflow and registering the share capital — so the paper trail supports later repatriation. Sloppy inbound documentation is the most common reason foreign owners struggle to evidence and repatriate funds years later.
Who can bind the company — and director liability
Authority to represent a Turkish company is set in its articles and resolutions and published through a signature circular (imza sirküleri), which shows exactly who can sign and at what level. Foreign buyers should confirm this before relying on any signature.
The acquisition timeline, costs and documents
Foreign clients always ask two things first: how long, and how much. Every deal differs, but here is a realistic picture. Treat all figures as indicative ranges that depend on deal size and complexity, and confirm current statutory figures and official fees at the time of your transaction.
A typical timeline
- Term sheet / heads of terms — days to a couple of weeks. Sets price, structure and exclusivity.
- Due diligence — typically 3 to 8 weeks, depending on the target's size and how organised its records are.
- Negotiation and drafting of the SPA, disclosure letter and ancillary documents — 2 to 6 weeks, overlapping with diligence.
- Signing, then satisfying conditions (e.g. competition clearance, third-party consents).
- Closing — transfer of shares, payment, board and registry changes.
- Post-closing integration — registry filings, notifications, integration steps.
A clean small-to-mid deal can run from term sheet to closing in roughly 2 to 4 months; a regulated or competition-notifiable deal can take longer.
Documents you will encounter
- Term sheet / letter of intent and non-disclosure agreement
- Due-diligence findings report
- Share (or asset) purchase agreement (SPA/APA) with warranties and indemnities
- Disclosure letter
- Shareholders' agreement (where you are taking a stake alongside others)
- Amended articles of association, board and general-assembly resolutions
- Closing deliverables — updated share ledger, registry filings, signature circulars
Indicative costs
- Legal fees — we quote a fixed or capped fee per workstream (contract, SHA, due diligence, full M&A) once we understand scope, so you are never surprised by an open-ended bill.
- Official and third-party costs — notary, registry, translation and sworn-translation fees, and any competition-filing costs, are separate and depend on the deal.
- Tax — transaction taxes vary by structure; we flag these before you commit so price and structure are decided with eyes open.
Common mistakes foreign investors make — and a worked example
The same avoidable errors come up again and again. Knowing them in advance is half the protection.
The recurring mistakes
- Signing a foreign-style contract unchanged. A contract drafted for English or German law and merely translated often contains clauses that are unenforceable or differently interpreted under Turkish law.
- Assuming a court will trim a harsh penalty. As a merchant, your company usually cannot get an excessive penalty reduced (TTK Art. 22) — so the clause must be right before signing.
- Buying shares without due diligence. In a share deal you inherit every hidden liability; skipping diligence to "save time" is how buyers end up paying the seller's old tax penalties.
- Ignoring merger control. Closing a notifiable deal without clearance risks turnover-based fines and a suspended transaction.
- A handshake instead of an SHA. Trusting a Turkish partner without a shareholders' agreement leaves you powerless in a deadlock or fallout.
- Weak dispute clauses. An award or judgment you cannot enforce against Turkish assets is worthless.
- Forgetting the 31 Dec 2026 capital deadline on a company you already own.
A worked scenario
Imagine a German manufacturer wants to acquire 70% of a Turkish supplier for around EUR 6 million, leaving the founder with 30% to keep him invested.
- Structure: we advise acquiring through a Turkish SPV as an AŞ, so shares move cleanly and a future exit is simple.
- Diligence: our review uncovers a key supply contract that terminates on change of control and an undeclared severance exposure for long-serving staff.
- Deal terms: we make the buyer's obligation to close conditional on the supplier consenting to the change of control, and we negotiate a specific indemnity plus a price reduction for the severance exposure.
- Competition: we check the current thresholds; if the parties' Turkish turnover triggers a filing, we notify the Competition Authority and make clearance a condition to closing.
- Living together: we draft a shareholders' agreement giving the German buyer reserved-matter vetoes and a call option over the founder's 30% after three years, with a clear valuation formula.
The result: the buyer pays a fair, risk-adjusted price, closes lawfully, and has a clean route to full ownership later. Every one of those protections came from spotting the issue before signing — which is the entire point of having corporate counsel on your side.
How Lexin Legal handles your corporate work
Foreign clients do not want a lecture on Turkish law; they want someone competent to take the whole thing off their plate and explain it as they go. That is how we work.
- End-to-end, in English. One team handles structuring, contracts, due diligence, negotiation, filings and closing. You deal with us, in your language, throughout.
- Plain-English advice. Every report and recommendation is written to be understood by a businessperson, with the legal reasoning available if you want it.
- Transparent fixed fees. We scope the work and quote a fixed or capped fee before we start, broken down by workstream. No open meters.
- Commercial, not just technical. We tell you when a risk is real and worth fighting over, and when it is noise — so negotiations stay focused on what matters.
- Coordinated. We work alongside your accountants, tax advisers and home-country counsel so the Turkish leg of your deal fits the wider picture.
Whether you need a single contract reviewed before Friday or a full acquisition run from term sheet to integration, we can take it from here. Contact us with a short description of your matter and we will come back with a clear plan and a fixed-fee quote.
How we handle your file
Scope & fixed-fee quote
We start with a short call to understand the transaction, the parties and your goals. Within a day or two we send a clear plan and a fixed or capped fee per workstream, so you know the cost before any work begins.
Structure & strategy
We advise on the right vehicle (AŞ, Ltd, SPV or holding), the right route (share or asset deal) and the right governing-law and dispute framework — coordinating with your tax advisers before anything is signed.
Due diligence
Where you are buying, we run the legal investigation and coordinate the financial and tax teams, then deliver an English findings report that flags every issue by severity and turns it into a concrete action.
Drafting & negotiation
We draft or mark up the contracts, SPA, shareholders' agreement and ancillary documents, then negotiate the warranties, indemnities and protections on your behalf — keeping you informed in plain English at each step.
Regulatory clearance
If the deal is notifiable, we assess the competition thresholds, prepare and file the merger-control notification, and sequence signing and closing so you never close before clearance.
Closing
We manage the transfer of shares or assets, payment mechanics, board and general-assembly resolutions and registry filings, so closing is clean, documented and legally complete.
Post-closing & integration
We handle the registry updates, notifications and corporate housekeeping after closing, and stay available for the integration steps and ongoing corporate support your Turkish operation needs.
Corporate & M&A in Turkey FAQ
Can a foreigner own 100% of a Turkish company?
Yes. Under the Foreign Direct Investment Law No. 4875 (Art. 3), foreign investors are treated equally with Turkish investors and may own up to 100% of a Turkish company with no requirement for a local partner. Narrow exceptions exist in a few regulated sectors such as certain broadcasting, aviation and defence activities, but ordinary commercial and industrial investment is fully open. See our company formation in Turkey service to set one up: /services/company-formation/.
Do I need a Turkish partner to invest or do a deal?
No. The national-treatment principle means you can invest, incorporate and acquire on your own. A local partner is a commercial choice, not a legal requirement — and if you do take one, a well-drafted shareholders' agreement is what protects you.
What is the difference between a share deal and an asset deal?
In a share deal you buy the company itself and inherit everything it owns and owes, including hidden liabilities, which makes due diligence essential. In an asset deal you buy selected assets and leave unwanted liabilities behind, but transfers of contracts, licences and employees are more administratively complex, and TBK Art. 202 can make the transferee jointly liable for assumed business debts. We advise which route fits your risk appetite and tax position.
Why is due diligence so important when buying a Turkish business?
Because in a share deal you take on the target's entire past — its tax history, litigation, employment liabilities and contractual commitments. Turkish accounts and registers can look sound while concealing penalties or change-of-control risks. Independent, English-language due diligence is the best protection against paying for problems you did not create.
When does a deal need Turkish competition clearance?
A transaction that gives one party lasting control over a business must be cleared by the Turkish Competition Authority before closing if the parties' turnover exceeds the applicable thresholds. Those thresholds were raised substantially in February 2026 (Communiqué No. 2026/2), so fewer mid-market deals are now caught — but they can still apply to a deal between two non-Turkish companies if there is enough activity in Turkey. We check the figures in force at the outset of every significant transaction.
What happens if we close a deal without required clearance?
Closing a notifiable transaction without prior clearance (gun-jumping) can expose the parties to turnover-based administrative fines under Art. 16 of Competition Law No. 4054 and leaves the transaction legally suspended until it is cleared. This is why we assess notifiability early and make competition clearance a formal condition to closing in the purchase agreement.
Should my Turkish company be an AŞ or an Ltd?
An AŞ (joint-stock company) is usually preferred for investment and M&A because its shares transfer cleanly without notarisation or registry filing of the transfer itself, and it suits multiple shareholders and future exits. An Ltd is simpler and cheaper for small operations, but its share transfers must be notarised, approved by the general assembly (TTK Art. 595) and registered. We recommend the vehicle based on your plans for growth, investors and exit — see /services/company-formation/.
Is there a deadline to increase my Turkish company's capital?
Yes. Under Provisional Article 15 of the TTK, existing AŞ and Ltd companies must raise their capital to the current statutory minimums by 31 December 2026, or risk being treated as dissolved and struck off the trade registry. The Ministry of Trade may grant extensions, but you should not rely on that. If you already own a Turkish entity, confirm your figures and file the increase in good time.
Can we choose English law to govern our Turkish contract?
Often yes, where the contract has a genuine foreign element, under MÖHUK No. 5718 (Art. 24). But some matters — Turkish real property, company-law questions about a Turkish company, and certain consumer and employment protections — are governed by Turkish law regardless, and any foreign judgment must still be recognised in Turkey to reach Turkish assets. We design the governing-law and dispute clauses around these realities.
Will a Turkish court reduce a penalty clause if it is too high?
Usually not, for a business. While the TBK lets an ordinary party ask a court to reduce an excessive penalty, TTK Art. 22 removes that protection for a merchant (tacir) where the penalty relates to its commercial enterprise. Because your company is a merchant, the penalty generally stands as written — which is exactly why the clause must be negotiated correctly before you sign.
Turkish courts or arbitration — which should we choose?
It depends on where the assets and counterparty are. Turkish courts give you a directly enforceable judgment where the counterparty is in Turkey, while arbitration (for example through ISTAC in Istanbul or the ICC) is often preferred for cross-border deals because awards enjoy wide enforcement under the New York Convention. We match the clause to where you would actually need to enforce.
What is a shareholders' agreement and do I really need one?
A shareholders' agreement sets the rules for governance, transfers, funding, deadlock and exit between co-owners. If you share ownership with anyone, you need one — without it, a fallout can paralyse the company and leave you with only weak default protections. We also ensure key terms are reflected in the company's articles so they are genuinely enforceable, not just promises between shareholders.
What is the difference between a locked box and completion accounts?
Both are ways of fixing the price. With a locked box, the price is set against a past balance-sheet date with no post-closing adjustment, protected by leakage covenants — giving certainty up front. With completion accounts, the price is estimated at closing and then adjusted afterwards against actual cash, debt and working capital — giving precision at the cost of a possible post-closing dispute. We advise which suits your deal and draft the mechanic accordingly.
Can foreign investors get their profits and capital back out of Turkey?
Yes — the FDI Law guarantees the free transfer abroad of profits, dividends, and sale or liquidation proceeds. The practical key is documenting the investment correctly when the capital comes in, so the paper trail supports repatriation later. We coordinate the bank, registry and accountant from day one so the basis for taking money out already exists when you need it.
How long does a typical acquisition take in Turkey?
As an indicative range, a clean small-to-mid deal often runs from term sheet to closing in roughly two to four months, with due diligence taking three to eight weeks. Deals requiring competition clearance, regulatory approvals or third-party consents take longer. We give you a realistic timetable once we understand the target.
How do you charge for corporate and M&A work?
We quote a fixed or capped fee per workstream — a contract review, a shareholders' agreement, due diligence, or a full acquisition — once we understand the scope. Official costs such as notary, registry, translation and any competition-filing fees are separate and depend on the deal, and we flag them in advance so there are no surprises.
Can you review a contract a Turkish company has sent me to sign?
Yes — this is one of our most common requests. We mark up the contract, explain in plain English what is fine, what is dangerous and what is missing under Turkish law, and tell you the real-world consequence of each point. You get a clear redline and a short note so you can sign with confidence or push back where it matters. See also our commercial contract law service: /services/commercial-contract-law/.
